In 2023, the global value of cloves exports reached US$609.1 million.

Clove exports have surged by an average of 83.2% since 2019, when they totaled $332.4 million.

However, there was a slight year-on-year decrease in clove exports, which fell by 2.7% from $626.3 million in 2022.

Cloves are widely used in cooking to enhance the flavor of meats, curries, marinades, and even fruits like apples, pears, and rhubarb. They are also a key ingredient in spice blends such as pumpkin pie spice. Additionally, cloves add a unique aromatic quality to hot beverages.

In some regions, particularly in Asia, Europe, and the United States, clove cigarettes are smoked, with their distinct flavor and fragrance. Cloves also have applications in traditional medicine, especially for alleviating dental pain and as an essential oil used in aromatherapy.

The five largest exporters of cloves—Madagascar, Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the United Arab Emirates—accounted for 82.9% of the global clove export market in 2023.

Regionally, Africa led the world in clove exports with $300.6 million in shipments, representing 49.3% of the total global clove exports. Asia followed with 45.2%, while Europe contributed 4.3%, and Latin America (excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean) represented 0.8%. Smaller shares came from North America (0.3%) and Oceania, primarily Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand (0.01%).

On the import side, the leading importers of cloves in 2023 were Indonesia, India, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. These five countries together accounted for nearly three-quarters (72.7%) of global clove imports.

The import market is more diversified than the export market, with 183 importing countries, regions, and territories worldwide. In contrast, the top 5 exporters (comprising 82.9% of total exports) dominate the market more strongly than the top 5 importers (72.7%).

From a continental perspective, 83.1% of cloves were imported by countries in Asia, with Europe (7.1%) and North America (3.8%) as the next largest markets. Smaller percentages of imports came from Latin America (3%), Africa (2.7%), and Oceania (0.3%), with Australia leading the region.

For trade classification, cloves fall under the 4-digit Harmonized Tariff System code 0907, covering the whole fruit, clove stems, and dried cloves.

Clove exports can be categorized into two primary types: uncrushed and non-ground cloves (96.7%) and crushed or ground cloves (2.3%), down from 2.8% in 2022.

Top Cloves Exporting Companies

1.Procter and Gamble: 6.36%, $21.97 million

2.Zanzibar State Trading Corporation: 5.96%, $20.57 million

3.Truper: 4.45%, $15.36 million

4.ООО Гулбахар Рус: 3.76%, $12.98 million

5.PT Djarum: 3.46%, $11.96 million

6.PT Paracha Impex: 3.1%, $10.69 million

7.Jabs International Pvt Ltd: 2.7%, $9.32 million

8.PT Expo Commodities Indonesia: 2.44%, $8.42 million

9.PT Indesso Aroma: 2.39%, $8.25 million

10.PT Gunung Rempah Mas: 2.27%, $7.83 million

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Top Cloves Importing Companies

The largest Gloves importers by company in Tendata were:

1.PT Gudang Garam Tbk: 11.6%, $102.97 million

2.PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna: 5.03%, $44.66 million

3.Филип Моррис Сейлз Энд Дистриб Юшн: 4.77%, $42.34 million

4.Truper: 3.07%, $27.24 million

5.J M International: 2.63%, $23.33 million

6.Procter and Gamble: 2.29%, $20.31 million

7.Panchsheel Trading Company: 1.82%, $16.19 million

8.Sigma Electric Manufacturing Corporation: 1.69%, $15.01 million

9.Indian Spices: 1.61%, $14.26 million

10.Gem Aromatics Pvt Ltd: 1.59%, $14.09 million

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Top Cloves Exporting Countries

Below are the top 20 countries with the highest export values of cloves in 2023:

1.Madagascar: US$252.4 million (41.4% of total exported cloves)

2.Indonesia: US$99.6 million (16.4%)

3.Singapore: US$65.9 million (10.8%)

4.Sri Lanka: US$43.6 million (7.2%)

5.United Arab Emirates: US$43.4 million (7.1%)

6.Tanzania: US$25.1 million (4.1%)

7.Comoros: US$22.3 million (3.7%)

8.India: US$15.2 million (2.5%)

9.Netherlands: US$7.9 million (1.3%)

10.Germany: US$5.6 million (0.9%)

11.Brazil: US$3.4 million (0.6%)

12.Spain: US$3 million (0.5%)

13.France: US$2.5 million (0.4%)

14.China (Mainland): US$2.48 million (0.4%)

15.Vietnam: US$2.2 million (0.4%)

16.United Kingdom: US$1.6 million (0.3%)

17.Turkey: US$1.5 million (0.2%)

18.Austria: US$1.4 million (0.2%)

13.Dominican Republic: US$1.1 million (0.2%)

14.Canada: US$1 million (0.2%)

Together, these 20 countries accounted for 98.7% of the global clove exports in 2023.

Among the top exporters, Canada (up 27.3%), Spain (up 26.0%), United Kingdom (up 23%), and Vietnam (up 19.2%) saw the fastest growth in clove exports.

On the other hand, the biggest declines in clove exports were seen in Brazil (down 58.8%), China (Mainland) (down 51.3%), Tanzania (down 40.3%), Comoros (down 37.9%), and Singapore (down 30.4%).

Top Cloves Importing Countries

Global imports of cloves grew by 113.2% over the five years leading up to 2023, although the growth slowed by 1.6% from 2022.

The top 20 countries with the highest import values of cloves in 2023 are:

1.Indonesia: US$216.6 million (32.8% of total imported cloves)

2.India: US$141.2 million (21.4%)

3.Singapore: US$55.9 million (8.5%)

4.United Arab Emirates: US$43.5 million (6.6%)

5.Saudi Arabia: US$23.1 million (3.5%)

6.United States: US$19.5 million (3%)

7.Bangladesh: US$10.9 million (1.7%)

8.China (Mainland): US$10.4 million (1.6%)

9.Iraq: US$7.9 million (1.2%)

10.Germany: US$7.6 million (1.1%)

11.Netherlands: US$7.4 million (1.1%)

12.Pakistan: US$6.3 million (0.9%)

13.Peru: US$6 million (0.9%)

14.United Kingdom: US$5.3 million (0.8%)

15.Dominican Republic: US$4.74 million (0.7%)

16.Malaysia: US$4.66 million (0.7%)

17.France: US$4.1 million (0.6%)

18.Yemen: US$3.9 million (0.6%)

19.Egypt: US$3.6 million (0.5%)

20.Spain: US$3.5 million (0.5%)

These 20 countries collectively accounted for 88.7% of global clove imports in 2023.

Among the top importers, the fastest-growing countries were Peru (up 171.9%), Bangladesh (up 93.1%), Iraq (up 57.4%), and Spain (up 56.7%).

Countries with a decline in imports included Malaysia (down 61.3%), Egypt (down 39.7%), Singapore (down 38.3%), Yemen (down 31.7%), and Pakistan (down 14.9%).

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