In 2022, global coal export sales reached a total of US$238 billion.

Since 2018, the global value of coal exports has surged by an average of 91%, up from $124.6 billion. From 2021 to 2022 alone, the value of exported coal soared by 92.8%, rising from $123.5 billion.

The top five coal exporters are Australia, Indonesia, Russia, the United States, and South Africa. These nations collectively accounted for 85.5% of the global coal export market in 2022.

Looking at the data from a continental perspective, Oceania (mainly Australia, along with New Zealand) led the way with $83.3 billion in coal exports, representing 35.3% of the global total. Asian countries followed with 24.7%, Europe with 20.8%, and North America with 11.9%. Smaller contributions came from Africa (6.6%) and Latin America (0.7%), excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean.

For classification purposes, the 4-digit Harmonized Tariff System (HTS) code prefix for coal is 2701. This category includes briquettes, ovoids, and similar solid fuels made from coal.

Leading Coal Exporters by Country

Here are the top 15 countries that exported the highest dollar value of coal in 2022:

1. Australia: US$83.3 billion (35% of total coal exports)

2. Indonesia: $46.7 billion (19.6%)

3. Russia: $42.8 billion (18%)

4. United States: $17.3 billion (7.3%)

5. South Africa: $13 billion (5.5%)

6. Canada: $10.8 billion (4.5%)

7. Mongolia: $6.5 billion (2.7%)

8. Netherlands: $2.2 billion (0.9%)

9. Mozambique: $2 billion (0.9%)

10. Poland: $1.6 billion (0.7%)

11. Colombia: $1.3 billion (0.6%)

12. China: $1.2 billion (0.5%)

13. Kazakhstan: $946.5 million (0.4%)

14. Philippines: $883.1 million (0.4%)

15. Belgium: $763.6 million (0.3%)

These 15 countries together accounted for 97.3% of the world's coal exports in 2022. Among the top exporters, Belgium, the Netherlands, mainland China, and Russia saw the most significant growth rates, with Belgium's exports increasing by 167.9% from 2021.

Conversely, Colombia was the only major supplier to experience a decline, with its coal export sales dropping by 69.6%.

Countries with the Largest Coal Trade Surpluses

The following countries recorded the highest net export surpluses for coal in 2022. Net exports are calculated as the value of a country’s total exports minus its total imports.

1. Australia: US$83.3 billion (net export surplus up 89.6% since 2021)

2. Indonesia: $43.1 billion (up 77.7%)

3. Russia: $42.6 billion (up 148.1%)

4. United States: $16.5 billion (up 78.6%)

5. South Africa: $12.5 billion (up 120.3%)

6. Canada: $9.8 billion (up 78.2%)

7. Mongolia: $6.5 billion (up 135.6%)

8. Mozambique: $2 billion (up 88.1%)

9. Colombia: $1.3 billion (down -69.6%)

10. Kazakhstan: $866.8 million (up 98.1%)

11. Afghanistan: $400.8 million (up 259.1%)

12. United Arab Emirates: $358.8 million (reversing a -$420.9 million deficit)

13. Tanzania: $160.4 million (up 1121.3%)

14. Peru: $84 million (up 229.8%)

15. Zimbabwe: $80 million (up 888.1%)

Australia maintained the largest surplus in the international coal trade, underscoring its strong competitive edge in this sector.

Countries with the Largest Coal Trade Deficits

The countries listed below posted the highest net import deficits for coal in 2022.

1. Japan: -US$59.7 billion (net export deficit up 133.7% since 2021)

2. India: -$48.8 billion (up 90.6%)

3. Mainland China: -$29.1 billion (up 9.4%)

4. South Korea: -$28.2 billion (up 93.8%)

5. Taiwan: -$16.4 billion (up 95.2%)

6. Germany: -$12.7 billion (up 145.5%)

7. Türkiye: -$7.9 billion (up 94.1%)

8. Malaysia: -$7 billion (up 74.6%)

9. Brazil: -$5.5 billion (up 97%)

10. Philippines: -$5.2 billion (up 125.2%)

11. Vietnam: -$4.5 billion (up 22.1%)

12. Italy: -$4.16 billion (up 200.6%)

13. Poland: -$4.05 billion (up 517.5%)

14. Chile: -$3 billion (up 77.4%)

15. France: -$2.8 billion (up 160.4%)

Japan, India, and mainland China led the world in coal trade deficits, reflecting their significant demand for coal.

Leading Coal Exporting Companies

Below are notable global companies involved in the coal export industry. The home country of each company is provided in parentheses.

1. PRECISION ELECTRONIC COMPONENT MFG CO (43.7%, $60,214.36 million)

2. АО "УК "КУЗБАССРАЗРЕЗУГОЛЬ" (2.82%, $3,879.4 million)

3. ADARO INDONESIA (1.95%, $2,690.7 million)

4. АО "РАЗРЕЗ КОЛЫВАНСКИЙ" (1.57%, $2,165.59 million)

5. АО "СУЭК-КУЗБАСС" (1.52%, $2,092.56 million)

6. ООО "ЭЛЬГАУГОЛЬ" (1.49%, $2,047.4 million)

7. ARCELORMITTAL (1.45%, $2,005.01 million)

8. АО ХК "ЯКУТУГОЛЬ" (1.4%, $1,929.68 million)

9. BERAU COAL (1.36%, $1,869.07 million)

10. BORNEO INDOBARA (1.26%, $1,739.49 million)

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